From office of Brigadier General W. H. 8IXBY. Chief of Engineers. Washington, D.C. 



D,NO 



sU Rf ACE LEVELS 0/r- 

1&60 to I9JO. "C 



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From office of Brigadier General W. H. BIXBY. Chief of Engineers. Washington. D C 



t ,.o SURFACE LEVELS OF T/ , F 

^> i860 to_I9io. fy&i 










L C Control Number 



tmp96 026354 









SURFACE LEVELS OF THE GREAT LAKES 
Curves of an nual means of each lake from I860 to 1910. 



LocAurr 


lerefs /h 

%1Z YEARS. 

af 

Jtor/Yar*. I860 1865 1870 1875 I8S0 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 


Igrefs in 

Hefaioye 

ffeonT/dc 

af 

A'crf }crk. 


LafreSaper/or 
of Mangi/efte 
G- 60229° 
/>fean for 
i860 to fStO 

laAe Micfij^a 
aneffYaronaf 
flf/Avaahes 
-©- 68128* 
Mean for 
i860 to /9/0 

lake Erie 
atCfereiana' 
-©- S72SS- 
Mean for 
I860 to /9/0 

Lake Gnfar/o 
af faneao 
-©- 24629*. 
Afean for 
mo to f9/0 


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/903 /ere/s. 
603 
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S82 
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Comparison of 
yearly means 

of lakes. 
M'chiga/t-hfcmn. 
fr/o & Ontario, 
separately and 
off together fcr 

1360 to 19/9, 
each referred 
to its oxn mean. 




































































































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Under direction of Brigadier Bern 
Drawn in Office ot U.S. LoKe Survey, 


ral W. H. BIXBY, Chief of Engineers, Washington, D.C., November, 1911. 
Based upon Records of <the LcKe Survey end other U.S. Engineer Offices. 



SURFACE LEVELS OF LAKE SUPERIOR 

at Marquette, Mich. 



t£W& m feet 


Curve of Annual Means from 1860 to 1910 


Lerefs /n feef. 


ns ferret/ fy 
zero offevye 






\jc a dc fvf&redtv Mean 
YEARS T,de at 1/enYark 
) IS85 1890 1895 1900 1305 1910 1915 fmilereh.) 


865 1870 


875 188 








































































































































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Zero of f7argc/e//e ?at/ge = 60/7S aAore Z/ewYorA (US Lake Surrey /ere/ aa/yc/s/nrenf of /903.) 
Mean /ere/ 'for /876 or man" est annua/ mean - £03.06, ///ghesf monf/ily mean - 60403, Sep /869. 
.. . 7879 .. /ones/ ■■ ■■ =60/. 43, Lowest ■■ ' ■■ =60076, Feb 787/ 
.. /Ir'eraaes for 37 years or for 7860 /o /9/0 /nc/.=60Z29 fsee-Q- 7n s/de co/unr/?s) 


Curves of Monthly Means between 1860-1910. 


A ■ curve of /67S or year of n/pnes/ annua/ mean 

B- • - arerayes /or S/ years. /860 To /9/0. 

C ' ■■ - /$73 or year of /ones/ annua/ mean. 

-©- Represents the Averaoe for 51 years, I860 to 1910 incl. = £02-29. 


leye/s mfeet 
ngferrad to ^ ^ 
zero ofgauye g _5 [ 
at Marquette —> *>- s 


April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 


l£ve/s //j £ef 
ft/amadfyflfear 
T&teotf/m V&rh 
C'903 /eye/s.) 






















60S 
604 
603 
602 
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Under directi 

Drawn In Off 


on of Brigadte 

ce of U.S. Lake 


r General W. H BIXBY, Chief of Engineers, Washington, V.C. November; 1911. 
Survey. Based upon Records of the Lake Survey ontt other U.S Enqineer Offices. 



SURFACE LEVELS OF LAKE MICHIGAN 

at Milwaukee, Wis. 



Lersfs m feef 
refenw/fe zera 

tysfar Afrfwavfcee 


Curve of Annual Means from i860 to 1910. 


Levefs /n feef 

refemdto Wear, 

TMte*f&*Mrk 

j (/303 foe/s) 


YEARS 

I860 1865 1870 1675 1880 1885 (890 1895 1900 1905 1910 


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Zero of Af/fivaufee tf/ovge - S82.S3 afore 
Afear? fere/ Jbr /88S or /?/#/?est an/ruaf 
„ /896 ■■ /otyest 
- /lyemfes for Sf years or 


//ew y&rfrft/.S.LifAe Surrey /ere/ aa, us/went of /903.) 
' mean = 58Z.96. rV/p/resf moatfi/y /wear? = S83.S7 Jc/ne, /886. 
- = 579.47 Lowest « - =578.98 Dec' / 8 95. 
£r /860 to f9fO /hc/= 58/28- foee -&-/'/? J/#e co/i//r?r?s.) 


Curves of Monthly Means between 1860-1910. 


j4= Corre of/886 or year ofA/ahest a/?s?c/a/ 'mean. 
8=- - - arerapes tor S/ years, /860 fo /9/0. 
C - - - /896 or year of fewest annua f mean. 
S~ Represents the Average -for 5! years, i860 to 1910 inci = 581-28, 


lere/s />? /§*?/ 

referred 'A? zero 

ofgec-ge of 

BoeaAwafer 

Af//*v&vftee 


January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 


Ure/s if? £ef 
ra&rrea 'fo flfber/j 
T/cfeaf Marfok 
(/903 /enety 












































53* 
583 
582 
58/ 
580 
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Under direction of Brigadier General W. H. BIX6Y, Chief of Engineers, Washino+on, D.C., November; 1911. 

Drawn in Office of U.S. Lake Survey. Based upon Records of the U.S. Lake Survey and other U.'S. Engineer Offices. 



SURFACE LEVELS OF LAKE HURON 
at Harbor Beach, Mich. 



Levels in feet 

referred to zero 

of aauoe at 

tfarborBeach 


Curve of Annuo! Means from I87S to 1910. 


Ljeve/s in feet 
r&fsrnedto Mean 
Tide at New York 
(1903 Levels). 


YEARS 

I860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 


























































































































































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Zero of Harbor Beach qouoe =583.2 / above A/ew ybrk.tttS.Loke Survey /eref arfusfment of /303.) 
Mean level for 1886 or highest annual mear? = 583-08 Highest monthly mean = 583.€ 6. July 1876. 

1896 or lowest » - = 579. S3 lowest - - -579, OZ. Dec. 1895. 

Averages for 36 years or tor 1875 to/3/0 incf. =581.13 (See -Q- in side columns.) 


Curves of Monthly Means between Jj£Z5^-I9IO. 


A = Curi/e of /8S6 or year of highest annuo/ mean. 
B= • .. Jvero tj es /or 36 years, 1875 to 19/0. 
C= - - IdSS or year of /owest annual mean. 
-©- Represents the average for 36 years, 1875 to 1910 incl. = 581.13. 


Levels in feet 

refarretfto zero 

of gouqe at 

Harbor Beach 


4 iS £ ■» £ 4 -> ** <n o z o 


Levels in feet 

referred fa ffeon 

7}'de of Afew "far ft 

0903 Levels) 


































S84- 
S83 
582 
58/ 
580 
5 79 












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Under direction of Brigadier General W. H.B1XBY, Chief of Enqineers»Washinqton,D.C. I Novernber ) 1911. 

Drown in Office of U.S. Lake Survey. Based upon Records of the U.S. Late Survey and o+her U. S. Enqineer Offices. 



SURFACE LEVELS OF LAKE ERIE 
at Cleveland, Ohio. 



levels in feet 


Curve of Annual Means from I860 to 1910. 


Levels in feet 

referred fo Mean 

Tide ai /Vetv)6r/c. 

(/SOS levels) 


referred to 

z.ero of oouqe 

at Cleveland , s6 o |ggr 


1870 lf.75 1880 


IS85 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 


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Zero of Cleveland 6auge 57382 above Alew York (11. S. Lake Survey Levels of 1903. ) 

Mean Level for 1876 or Highest Annual Mean = 573-70. H/ahest Monthly Mean= 574-52.dune.l876. 

■ 1895 ■ lowest • ~ = 571 ■ 17 . Lowest • - = 570-70. Mov.,1895. 

" Averages lor 51 Years or for I860 to 1310 the/. 57258 (se-e-Q-ln Side Columns) 


Curves of Monthly Means between 1860 — 1910. 


/?= Curve of 1876 or of highest annua/ mean . 
B* - - Averages for £1 years /S60- /Sto. 
C- ■■ ■ 1895 or of lowest annual mean. 
-^-Represents the Average for 51 years, I8€0 to 1910 incl. = 572-58. 


Levels in feet 

referred to t 1 ^ 

zero of gouge \*x £'1; >t ' 

ot Clevelond ->U-S<Z7>- 


^ ■ Lsve Is in -feet 

JO 01 \ 

p l-Q.q referred 'fo Mean 

%&%£ e 

^ | « 7>We at /YewYorfc 
^ « o O m 
<t0OZQ f lgo3 Levels ) 


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575 
574 
573 
572 
571 
570 


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Under direction of Brigadier deneral W. H. BlXBY, Chief of Engineers, Washington, D.C . November, 1911. 

J Drawn in Office of U.S.Lokc Survey. Based upon Records of the U.S. Lake Survey and other U.S. Enqineer Offices^ 



SURFACE LEVELS OF LAKE ONTARIO 
at Oswego, N.Y. 



Levels in feet 
referred to 
vera of jauye 
af Osweqo- 


Curve of Annual Means from I860 to 1910. 


Leve/s in feef 
r-eferred to flfeaf 
T/de a-f New York 
- (f303l ei /e/s) 


860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1690 1835 1900 I90S 1910 19k 


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244- 


Zero of Oswego Gauje Z44-/2 above New York [U.S.Lake Survey Level ddjustmentof /303.) 
Mean Leve/ for 1862 or Hiahest flnnual Mean = 247-63 . Hiafiesr Monthly Mean= 248-95, May, 1870. 
■ 1895 -Lowest - " =244-29 .Lowest - • -24-3-41, Nov. 1895. 
" " " dveraqes for 5 /years or for I860 to 1910 incl. =246-20 (see-Q- in Side Columns.) 


Curves of Monthly Means between 1860-1910. 






Levels in feet 

referred to ■ 

zero of oauoe 

at Osweop 


g-§^J2^53 = oruoi) 


Levels in feet 
referred to Meat 
Tide atNewYon 
(1303 Leve/s) 




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249 
248 
247 
246 




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fi= Curve of 1862, or year of highest annual mean. 
B= - - /iveracjes for 51 years, I8S0 to 1910. 
C= » " 1895, or year of lowest annual mean. 
-©- Represents the flveraqe for SI years, I860 to 13/0 incl. =246-20. 


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Under direction of Brigadier 6eneral W. H. BIXBY, Chief of Engineers, Washington, D.C., November, 1911. 

Drown in Office of U.S. Lake Survey. Based upon Records of the U.S. Lake Survey and other U.S. Enqineer Offices. ■' 



■ 

' - ■ 



,t!IS. ARY OF CONGRESS 



019 953 858 5 



